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Application

Magen helps the success of Cell-free DNA Research and
Application

Release date:2021-11-16

Since its discovery in human blood plasma about 70 years ago, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has become an attractive subject of research as noninvasive disease biomarker. The interest in clinical applications has gained an exponential increase, making it a popular and potential target in a wide range of research areas.

cfDNA can be found in different body fluids, both in healthy and not healthy subjects. The recent and rapid development of new molecular techniques is promoting the study and the identification of cfDNA, holding the key to minimally invasive diagnostics, improving disease monitoring, clinical decision, and patients’ outcome.

cfDNA has already given a huge impact on prenatal medicine, and it could become, in the next future, the standard of care also in other fields, from oncology to transplant medicine and cardiovascular diseases.

Application of cfDNA:

what is cell free dna

Tumor Diagnosis (Liquid Biopsy):

The cfDNA released by circulating tumor cells in plasma or in situ tumor cells into circulation in tumor patients is also called ctDNA. The research directions of ctDNA in tumor diagnosis mainly include: detection of ctDNA mutation, tumor specific microsatellite changes, epigenetic changes, ctDNA integrity detection and virus DNA detection. CtDNA mutation detection can not only obtain the gene mutation results corresponding to tumor tissues, but also more sensitively and specifically detect typical characteristic mutations such as EGFR gene mutation of lung cancer, KRAS mutation of colorectal cancer and BRAF mutation of melanoma.

Studies have shown that the sensitivity of EGFR gene mutation in ctDNA of lung cancer patients can be as high as 80%, which is conducive to monitoring drug resistance genes. The sensitivity and specificity of KRAS gene mutation in plasma ctDNA of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were as high as 87.2% and 99.2%.

The integrity detection of tumor ctDNA is also the focus of current research. The main principle of integrity detection is that long and complete DNA fragments will be released during tumor necrosis, while cfDNA released by normal apoptotic cells is shorter. Detection of the integrity of ctDNA can be used to predict the development and micrometastasis of early cancer. In addition, studying the loss of gene heterozygosity in ctDNA and the methylation level of ctDNA can also provide help for tumor specific diagnosis and disease risk prediction. The methylation detection of ctDNA is also helpful to the early diagnosis of tumor.

Noninvasive prenatal testing:

CfDNA detection is also widely used in noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). The method for detecting cfDNA by NIPT is mainly developed based on next-generation sequencing technology (NGS), including random high-throughput parallel sequencing, target or chromosome specific sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism sequencing. Fetal cfDNA in maternal plasma accounts for more than 10% of the total cfDNA in maternal plasma. Detecting these fetal cfDNA can determine the fetal RhD blood group, gender, chromosomal aneuploidy disease, single gene genetic disease and other related information. In addition, this method of detecting maternal plasma fetal cfDNA is less traumatic than invasive methods such as amniocentesis or villus biopsy, which greatly reduces the risk of complications such as intrauterine infection and abortion.


cfdna in nipt

At present, it is mainly used to screen and judge common aneuploid chromosome diseases, including trisomy 21 syndrome, trisomy 18 syndrome and trisomy 13 syndrome. In addition, it has also been reported in sex chromosome aneuploidy diseases, chromosome microdeletions, copy number abnormalities and some single gene genetic diseases. Studies found that noninvasive prenatal screening cfDNA has high sensitivity (greater than 99%) and specificity, while the false positive rate is relatively low (less than 0.1%).

The international society for prenatal diagnosis (ISPD), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG) and the American College of medicalgenetics and genomics (ACMG) all recommend pregnant women to carry out NIPT testing which helps the early diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidy diseases (such as trisomy 21 syndrome) and monogenic genetic diseases during pregnancy.

cfdna in cardiovascular disease testing

Cardiovascular disease testing:

CfDNA mainly comes from apoptotic or necrotic cells. In this case, the content levelin plasma will increase due to the release of cfDNA into the blood. Coronary heart disease often leads to cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis caused by long-term severe myocardial ischemia. Especially when myocardial infarction (MI) occurs, in addition to the increase of cfDNA caused by cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis caused by myocardial ischemia, the delay and obstacle of cfDNA clearance are also related to the pathogenesis of the disease. The increase of plasma cfDNA in patients with coronary heart disease can be used to supplement the diagnostic results of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatinekinase MB (CK-MB). Studies have shown that the plasma cfDNA concentration inpatients with MI is more than 10 times higher than that in healthy controls.

The concentration of cfDNA can increase in the early stage of myocardial injury (much earlier than troponin), and the peak time is later than CK-MB, which can be used to detect and judge myocardial injury in the early stage. In addition, cfDNA level is also a potential indicator to monitor disease progression and patientprognosis. The follow-up results showed that the level of cfDNA in plasma of MI patients with adverse cardiac results increased by more than 3.5 times.



Magen Biotechnology has developed wide range of Nucleic Acid Isolation Kits for Liquid Biopsy/NIPT/FFPE/Blood/Tissue sample preparation.


For more product details, please click Product Name to visit:
Sample Product Name Cat. No.
Description
Blood DNA Kit HiPure Univesal DNA Kit (column) IVD3018 Isolation DNA from tissue, cells, blood, saliva, swabs, blood spots, semen and other clinical samples
MagPure Universal DNA Kit (magnetic) IVD3102
Circulating DNA Kit HiPure Circulating DNA Kit (vacuum) IVD3182/D3182C Isolation circulating DNA from 1-5ml plasma, serum, body fluids using vacuum protocol
MagPure Circulating DNA Mini Kit (magnetic) IVD5432 Isolation circulating DNA from 0.2-0.6ml plasma, serum, body fluids
MagPure Circulating DNA Maxi Kit (magnetic) IVD5435 Isolation circulating DNA from 1-6ml plasma, serum, body fluids
FFPE DNA Kit HiPure FFPE DNA Kit (column) IVD3126 Isolation high pure total DNA from FFPE samples
MagPure FFPE DNA Kit (magnetic) IVD6323B
Raw Material
MagPure Particles G C1411 Magnetic Beads for cell free DNA/gDNA/FFPE DNA isolation
MagBind Particles C1413 Magnetic Beads for micro/trace amount DNA/RNA isolation
Machine MagRotex 24 LV Nucleic acid Extractor MagRotex 24 Isolate cfDNA from 2-4ml plasma/serum, 24 channels, used for tumor diagnostic, liquid biopsy
MagRotex 24 Plus LV Nucleic acid Extractor MagRotex 24 Plus Isolate cfDNA from 2-9ml plasma/serum, 24 channels, used for tumor diagnostic, liquid biopsy
MagMix 96 Nucleic acid Extractor
MagMix 96 Isolate cfDNA from 1-500μl plasma/serum, 96 channels, used for tumor diagnostic, liquid biopsy

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